Insightsby Bernstein

Topic

Electronic evidence

Explore this subject through analysis, opinion and professional practice.

An original mechanical game creature surrounded by a four-panel storyboard, a wireframe drawing, material swatches, code marks and an audio waveform.
In practice

The question that stalls indie game deals: “Who owns what?”

How video game studios protect their IP and prove ownership of code, art, and music. A practical guide to due diligence from prototype to publishing deal.

Marco Barulli · 6 November 2026 · 6 min read
A gravestone marked WIPO PROOF 2020–2022 beneath an autumn tree.
Opinion

When Institutions Play Startup: The Cautionary Tale and Demise of WIPO PROOF

A post-mortem on why a UN agency’s commercial timestamping service collapsed after 20 months, and what it teaches the IP ecosystem about digital evidence.

Marco Barulli · 4 November 2026 · 9 min read
A world map contrasts a regional EU seal with an open Bitcoin evidence seal and recognition across other regions.
Opinion

EU Qualified Ledgers: A Legal Privilege No Technology Earned

The EU grants qualified ledgers a legal presumption their technology does not earn. It helps in EU courts, adds little elsewhere, and is no substitute for proof anyone can verify.

Marco Barulli · 29 October 2026 · 6 min read
An organiser receives an architectural proposal outside an open studio doorway, while a gold line connects the submitted work to preserved records inside.
In practice

Before You Submit: How to Protect Your Architectural Work

Before submitting to a tender or competition, preserve evidence of your design, clarify permitted uses and plan any public disclosure to support protection.

Marco Barulli · 28 October 2026 · 5 min read
An amber innovator pushes a patent NFT bearing an engineering drawing onto collapsing bridge supports.
Opinion

Blockchain in IP finance: the lesson of patent NFTs

IP-backed finance · Part 3

Patent NFTs promised a liquid market for intellectual property. The collapse of IPwe shows why the true value of distributed ledgers lies in durable evidence, not tradable tokens.

Marco Barulli · 27 October 2026 · 7 min read
A designer sketches a collection alongside preserved drawings and a finished garment.
In practice

From first sketch to final collection: building evidence of your designs

What a French fashion dispute can teach designers about timestamping, confidential sharing and preserving their work.

Marco Barulli · 21 October 2026 · 6 min read
An inventor presents documented innovation to a lender reviewing the evidence.
Analysis

No data, no deals: the evidence gap in IP finance

IP-backed finance · Part 2

Why do lenders hesitate to accept IP as collateral? The EUIPO describes a vicious circle of missing data. Learn what lenders actually need to see, and how your company can break the cycle by providing verifiable evidence.

Marco Barulli · 20 October 2026 · 6 min read
Two apparently identical technical documents reveal different binary contents beneath their surfaces.
In practice

Your certificate is immutable. Your files are not.

How everyday tools can change certified files without an explicit save, and why preserving the exact original matters.

Marco Barulli · 16 October 2026 · 2 min read